Deep varicose veins are a very unpleasant and quite dangerous lesion of the venous vessels of the vascular system.
Varicose veins of the lower extremities of deep veins is a pathology that spreads to the vessels that pass in the muscular structures of the legs. Elongation and dilation of venous vessels significantly impedes blood flow and becomes the cause of thrombosis.
The danger of this disease lies in the occurrence of a high probability of separation of the thrombus formed on the vessel wall and its transport to the pulmonary artery.
When this disease occurs, there is an irreversible process of elongation and dilation of venous vessels. As the process progresses, the venous wall becomes thinner and nodules form, which interfere with the free transport of blood through the veins.
Most often, people aged 30-40 and older are susceptible to this disease.
The causes of the appearance and development of the disease can be various unfavorable factors. Varicose veins are the result of a serious disturbance in blood circulation in a certain area of the lower extremities.
With the development of the disease, the patient may develop trophic ulcers at the site of circulatory disorders, which can cause gangrene - a condition that requires amputation of the affected part of the limbs.
In addition, VRV can cause deformity of the muscles of the lower extremities, and the formation of a blood clot with possible subsequent separation and transport to the pulmonary artery can lead to death.
The main factors that contribute to the occurrence of the disorder and its progression are the following:
In addition, the causes of the disease can be:
In addition, cellulite can cause the development of pathology.
Timely identification of the disease allows a visit to a qualified phlebollogist at the first suspicion of the disease.
Most often, in the initial phase of progression, the disease is manifested by the appearance of a feeling of mild fatigue in the legs after a long static load or after a long walk. In addition, there is a slight swelling of the limb tissue during this period.
The most common symptoms of the disorder appear at the end of daylight and gradually disappear with long rest. When these signs appear, it is necessary to consult a phlebologist and conduct special studies to identify and clarify the presence of pathology.
The use of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods allows us to determine the degree of disease development and make a decision on the timely and adequate course of treatment of the disease. As the disease progresses, it progresses to more advanced stages, which are characterized by the appearance of a whole spectrum of symptoms and signs characteristic of progressive disease.
The following symptoms are characteristic of the advanced stage of pathology:
Further progression of the disease leads to the appearance of small wounds that cannot heal for a long time, and then they transform into trophic ulcers.
In the absence of adequate and timely treatment, the development of the disease for the patient can be fatal. The progression of varicose veins leads to a gradual deformation of muscle structures and the appearance of negative changes on the skin and bone mass.
With prolonged progression, the patient develops signs of eczema and forms trophic ulcers that can turn into gangrene. Which leads to sepsis or death.
The process of thrombus formation develops in the venous vessels affected by varicose veins. As a result of this process, the created thrombus can be interrupted and transmitted through the circulatory system.
When a blood clot enters the pulmonary artery, it becomes blocked and the person dies.
An experienced phlebologist can determine the presence of varicose veins of the lower extremities with characteristic symptoms that are clearly visible even on a photograph of the legs, but methods of treating the disease are selected individually after a detailed examination of the patient and taking into account all individual characteristics of his body.
Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods are used to determine the presence and stage of disease development. Laboratory methods include general blood and urine analysis.
The most common method of instrumental diagnostics is the use of ultrasound examination of the venous vessels of the legs. This technique allows you to visualize the vascular system and recognize the degree of progression of the pathological process.
In addition, if necessary, the doctor prescribes the following:
The use of venous occlusive plethysmography allows the detection of blood volume in the veins of the lower extremities.
Only after a comprehensive examination and results are the patient given the appropriate course of treatment.
Modern medicine offers several options for treating the disease - drug treatment, drug-free treatment and surgery.
In parallel, after consulting your doctor, you can use methods of non-traditional and alternative treatments at home.
Surgery is the most reliable way to treat the disease. The use of drug therapy in the form of tablets, special ointments and gels for external use can play a complementary role and is in fact a supportive therapy.
The use of drug therapy involves the use of several types of drugs during treatment - anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, venotonic and fibrinolytic action
Anticoagulants dilute the blood and prevent blood clots from forming. Anti-inflammatory drugs contribute to the alleviation of inflammatory processes on the walls of venous vessels. Venotonics allow you to increase the tone of the vein walls, and fibrinolytics help dissolve small clots and help clean the venous bed.
Thanks to the use of drugs, such a manifestation of the disease as edema usually disappears, and the condition of the superficial skin is noticed. The main condition for the use of drugs is strict adherence to the recommendations of the doctor and adherence to the dosage of drugs taken.
Surgery is recommended to completely cure varicose veins.
In addition, surgical methods are used in the absence of positive dynamics during drug therapy.
The most common methods of surgical treatment of pathology are:
Sclerotherapy involves the use of special substances during the procedure - sclerosants, which are injected into the lumen of the affected vein and lead to adhesion of the vessel walls. This procedure allows you to remove the venous vessel from the vascular system, which prevents the development of pathology. This technique is very rarely used in the case of a severe form of violation.
Phlebectomy consists of removing the affected area of a venous vessel. This method is most commonly used to identify superficial vein lesions, but in some cases it is applicable in the treatment of deep venous vessels of the extremities.
Laser coagulation is a type of minimally invasive surgical intervention, and is performed with a laser, allowing you to remove the affected area of the vein from the vascular system by gluing its walls under the action of laser radiation. This method of treatment received the most positive feedback from patients, as it is virtually painless and does not require a long recovery period.
The use of surgical treatment methods allows you to completely get rid of the symptoms characteristic of varicose veins. And the choice of surgical technique depends on the stage of development of the pathology, the individual characteristics of the patient, and is carried out by the attending physician.